Folds in the skin
The skin is folded all over.
Folds in the skin have always been ignored, and denied any importance.
People (including scientists) call them lines or wrinkles, and fail to understand that the skin is actually folded.
Lines, wrinkles or folds?
On this page
Lines, wrinkles or folds?
The word «lines» doesn't fit.
Surely those are more than just lines; they have a depth and lots of details along their path.
Calling them lines is a simplistic way of describing them.
Are they «wrinkles»?
Most people would say they are not, because wrinkles are characteristic of old and damaged skin.
The verdict: They are folds
Close visual and manual inspection only confirms that the skin is folded inward.
You can trace the origin of these folds back to all the movements, expressions and postures you've taken, made or held throughout your life.
In many places, their path has tightened and solidified, resulting in permanent folds.
or is the skin completely folded over?
The skin is so badly bent that it doubles up; and that one part now lies on another.
A section of skin is imprisoned.
Epidermis over epidermis.
Like a pleated or folded fabric
Skin is a living tissue.
Just like any tissue, it can be crumpled, folded and creased.
There is one easy way to find out.
Use your nails.
Simply press your nail into the bottom of any fold in your hand.
Apply moderate pressure, and explore.
You'll feel that your nail can open up the bottom of the folds, and that the folding extends inward.
What do dermatologists say about them?
• Langer lines
Dermatologists think that they are lines
Dermatologists don't actually believe that the skin is folded.
They call the folds "Langer's lines".
Langer's lines; an erroneous theory
Source; Wikipedia
As you can see, the folds in the skin had been noticed, long ago, by forensic pathologists, embalmers, butchers, ...
In 1861, Austrian anatomist Karl Langer drew the following chart of what he called «lines» in the skin.
Langer described his lines as deep bundles of collagen inside the skin.
Surgeons try to cut on them, (when they can see them), in order to obscure the incisions they make.
Erroneous maps and illustrations of folds
There are many existing maps showing Langer's lines on the body.
They resemble my horizontal and vertical fold illustrations.
Upper Chesapeake Medical Center - 2016
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| Langer's lines head from J. Marx, R. Hockberger, R. Walls Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice 2002 |
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| Langer's lines head from The Open Access Atlas of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Operative Surgery Johan Fagan 2016 |
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| Langer’s lines-Tension lines Open access atlas of otolaryngology |
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| Langer's lines of the face researchgate.net |
All these illustrations are incorrect
I'm sorry to say that the maps above are completely wrong.
These maps are based on visual inspection, while mine are the result of feeling the folds with my fingertips and nails.
They don't even show the vertical center fold that divides your body into two halves.
You can see some horizontal or vertical folds, but never in the same place.
The reality is much more complex; you have a matrix of vertical and horizontal folds on which you add location folds, posture folds, action folds, expression folds, ...
They are not lines, but folds.
And they cannot be seen, but felt.
Cutaneous folds are bad for your health
Your system treats folds like injuries
Your skin is an assembly of several elements.
It contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, touch, pressure, heat and pain receptors, ...
Skin is very elastic; it needs to be, because your movements deform it considerably.
It can withstand repeated folding, but there's a limit to what it can endure.
One can marvel that such a complex and delicate structure can be pinched and folded so easily.
However, when your skin is folded too often, it fears a rupture, and it lines the bottom of the furrow with epidermal cells, making the fold permanent.
Permanent folds and body movements
Flex your wrist several times, and take a close look at the skin folds that this action creates.
Note that some folds don't disappear completely when the articulation straightens.
These folds seem etched into your body because you've done this movement so frequently throughout your life.
Those are permanent folds.
Permanent folds cause permanent damage
When skin folding occurs repeatedly in the same spot, your body generates epidermal cells to fill the crease.
Certainly, when a fold becomes permanent, the trajectory and position of its components are altered, and this affects their performance.
Main health problems caused by cutaneous folds
Mild to acute pain
Cutaneous folds are the main cause of pain in every location on the body.
Pain in the shoulders, in the arms, in the hands, in the back, in the knees, in the feet, ... they all have the same cause; folds in the skin.
However, the pain is mostly concentrated in the places where two folds meet; the folds crossings.
● More on cutaneous folds and pain.
Loss of sensation, insensitivity and numbness.
Cutaneous folds bend the nerves that pass beneath them, and weaken the signals transmitted to the brain.
Each nerve travels from a specific part of your body to your brain.
However, along the way, they are susceptible to being bent, compressed or pinched by the folds in the skin.
When the strength of the signals your nerves transmit decreases, you gradually lose contact with parts or functions of your body.
● More on cutaneous folds and loss of sensitivity.
Blood circulation
Skin folds bend, compress, strangle and constrict the blood vessels and veins that pass beneath them.
They are the primary cause of high blood pressure (hypertension), and poor blood circulation.
Folds are often the source of blocked blood vessels and arteries (atherosclerosis), numbness and tingling (paresthesia), varicose veins, and more.
● More on cutaneous folds and blood circulation.
Aging
When you see aged skin, you see folded skin.
In fact, the folds are responsible for the most disturbing aspects of elderly life such as: chronic pain, loss of mobility, circulatory problems, loss of sensation, unattractiveness, ...
● More on cutaneous folds and aging.
Uglying
Ugliness is not a health problem, but it can negatively impact a person's social and sexual integration.
● More on cutaneous folds and beauty.
We all have similar folds
Similar folds on everyone
When I first found out about the folds, I thought that each human was folded differently, explaining the diversity of our looks.
Well, I was half wrong.
In fact, most folds are common and comparable from one human to another.
We look different because some folds have a slightly different position and depth, but mainly because of our underlying bone structure.
The similarities are much greater than the differences.
We are all folded the same way.
Fold complexity
Folds are illustrated here as simple lines.
This is not the case on your body.
Each fold is a complex monster, full of details.
They're made of several coats of epidermis, each one with a real-life history.
A typical fold has hundreds of coats.
They're also far from straight.
Folds multiply, so you may find several small folds along with one big one when you check on your body.
Wrinkles and permanent folds
A wrinkle is simply the first step in the formation of a permanent fold.
With time, a wrinkle will become a fold.
Every large fold on your body has started out as a wrinkle.
When permanent folds first establish themselves, they pave the bottom of the crease, coat by coat, with epidermis cells.
It may take several years before the fold becomes plainly visible.



